The Legal Status and Protection of Civil Rights of Children Born Out of Wedlock Following Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010: an Analysis of Positive Law and Balinese Customary Law

Muhammad Suriyanto; Mohamad Arif Fauzi; Muyazin Arifin

Authors

Muhammad Suriyanto Universitas Islam Ibrahimy Banyuwangi Author
Mohamad Arif Fauzi Universitas Islam Ibrahimy Banyuwangi Author
Muyazin Arifin Universitas Islam Ibrahimy Banyuwangi Author

Keywords:

Children Born Out of Wedlock, Civil Rights, Constitutional Court Decision, Balinese Customary Law

Abstract

The legal status of children born outside marriage remains a complex issue in Indonesia, particularly following Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010, which expanded the civil relationship of children born out of wedlock to include their biological fathers. This study examines the legal status and civil rights of children born out of wedlock under Indonesian positive law following the decision, as well as their protection from the perspective of Balinese customary law. This research employs a normative-qualitative legal method, supported by interviews with religious court judges and Balinese customary leaders. The findings indicate that positive law has broadened the basis of children’s civil relationships, shifting from an exclusive reliance on marital status to recognition of biological relationships that can be scientifically proven. However, the enforcement of maintenance rights and civil registration remains fragmented and often requires separate civil litigation. Under Balinese customary law, which is characterized by a patrilineal or purusa system, recognition by the father’s family continues to determine the child’s social and religious status. Nevertheless, recent practices demonstrate room for adaptation through customary recognition procedures facilitated by traditional villages. The study concludes that strengthening the enforcement of civil rights and developing more flexible customary recognition mechanisms can provide more comprehensive protection for children born out of wedlock while remaining consistent with the principle of the best interests of the child within a just national legal protection framework.

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