Analysis of Islamic Law and Positive Law Regarding the Status of a Child in the Womb of an Unmarried Woman
Kata Kunci:
Islamic Law, Positive Law, Child Status, Child ProtectionAbstrak
The phenomenon of pregnancy out of wedlock has become a social and legal issue developing in Indonesian society. This condition raises debate regarding the status of children in the wombs of unmarried women according to Islamic law and positive law. Islamic law makes a valid marriage the basis for determining a child's lineage, while positive law emphasizes the protection of children's rights without discrimination based on birth status. This study aims to analyze the status of children in the wombs of unmarried women based on the perspective of Islamic law and positive law, as well as to determine the form of legal protection for the rights of these children. This research uses normative legal research methods with a juridical-comparative approach. Research data was obtained through literature studies sourced from the Al-Qur'an, hadith, Compilation of Islamic Law, Marriage Law, Child Protection Law, Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010, as well as various books and scientific journals. Data analysis was carried out in a descriptive-qualitative manner. The results of the study show that Islamic law stipulates that children born out of wedlock only have a lineage relationship with their mother and her family. Meanwhile, positive law provides the possibility of a civil relationship with the biological father through legal proof. Both legal systems emphasize the importance of protecting children's rights and respecting the dignity of children as human beings.
Referensi
Amin, R. (2021). Hukum perlindungan anak dan perempuan di Indonesia. https://opac.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=42368&keywords=
Anisa, L. N. (2022). Status Hak Anak Diluar Nikah Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia (RI) Nomor:46/PUU-VIII/2012. Investama : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 7(1), 35–46. https://ejournal.iaingawi.ac.id/index.php/investama/article/view/625
Ansari, A., Ch, M., & Zuhriah, E. (2023). Household Workshop As A Media Corner To Share Household Problems And Efforts To Reduce Divorce Ratein District Banyuwang. International Conference on Humanity Education and Society (ICHES), 2(1). http://proceedingsiches.com/index.php/ojs/article/view/42
Botu, S. I., Kasim, N. M., & Abdussamad, Z. (2023). Status dan Perlindungan Hukum Anak dalam Kandungan Seorang Wanita yang Belum Menikah (Studi Kasus: KUA DUNGINGI). Perkara : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik, 1(3), 72–97. https://doi.org/10.51903/perkara.v1i3.1330
Erdianti, R. N. (2020). Hukum Perlindungan Anak Di Indonesia. UMMPress.
Erdianti, R. N., & Fatih, S. M. (2019). Mewujudkan desa layak anak sebagai bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap anak di Indonesia. Justitia Jurnal Hukum, 3(2). https://journal.um-surabaya.ac.id/Justitia/article/view/3648
Fajri, A. A. (2025). Analisis komparatif Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 Tentang Hak Keperdataan Anak Luar Kawin Dengan Orang Tuanya [PhD Thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama Palu]. http://repository.uindatokarama.ac.id/id/eprint/5234/
Harahap, Z. A. A. (2017). Eksistensi Maqashid Al-Syari’ah Dalam Pembaruan Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia. istinbath, 16(1), 22–64.
Hasan, H., Bora, M. A., Afriani, D., Artiani, L. E., Puspitasari, R., Susilawati, A., Dewi, P. M., Asroni, A., Yunesman, Y., & Merjani, A. (2025). Metode penelitian kualitatif. Yayasan Tri Edukasi Ilmiah. https://www.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id= OhhXEQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=metode+penelitian+ kualitatif+sosial+2025&ots=serC8o7PsF&sig=wZAMdncxCVaY-vb4S9FPXItyxPs
Indonesia, R. (2014). Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak. Jakarta: Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak.
Kamalia, N., Nahdhah, N., & Munajah, M. (2025). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Yang Lahir Dari Pernikahan Siri (Perbandingan Hukum Positif Di Indonesia Dengan Hukum Islam). Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory, 3(3), 2655–2671. https://doi.org/10.62976/ijijel.v3i3.1331
Kemenag, R. I. (2019). Kompilasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia. Dirjen Binbaga Islam.
Kemeterian Agama. (2019). Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahannya (Penyempurnaan). Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an, Badan Litbang dan Diklat.
Khulaela, K. (2016). Pengesahan status anak di luar nikah (studi putusan Pengadilan Agama Blora Nomor: 0268/Pdt. G/2015/PA. Bla). Undergraduate (S1) Thesis, Uin Walisongo.
Marhayani, C., Rindiani, A., Sukrisno, W. H., Thamrin, H., & Imanuddin, M. (2024). Analisa Yuridis Tentang Definisi Anak Dalam Hukum Positif Di Indonesia. Jurnal Legalitas, 2(2), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.58819/jle.v2i2.122
Miru, A., & Pati, S. (2020). Hukum Perjanjian: Penjelasan Makna Pasal-Pasal Perjanjian Bernama dalam KUH Perdata (BW). Sinar Grafika.
Najib, M. A., Musyafa’ah, N. L., & Aji, R. H. (2026). Rekonstruksi Status Anak Luar Nikah dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia: Distingsi antara Anak Zina dan Anak dari Perkawinan Tidak Tercatat. Sosio Yustisia: Jurnal Hukum Dan Perubahan Sosial, 6(1), 26–53. https://doi.org/10.15642/sosyus.v6i1.1050
Nurul Fathya, A. (2025). Hamil Diluar Nikah Dan Perkawinan Dibawah Umur Di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah: Studi Sosiologi Keluarga. https://digilib.unila.ac.id/93937/
Rahman, Y. I., Abidin, Z., & Isfihani. (2024). Pengakuan Status Anak Luar Kawin dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif. Lisyabab : Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Sosial, 5(2), 178–191. https://doi.org/10.58326/jurnallisyabab.v5i2.314
Rajib, R. K., Azzahra, A. H., & Asy-Syafa, R. M. (2026). Kedudukan Hukum Dan Hak Waris Anak Luar Kawin: Studi Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010. Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA), 4(5). https://jurnal.mediaakademik.com/index.php/jma/article/view/5996
Rasyad, A., Ramdani, R., & Hadi, A. M. (2026). Hak Asuh Anak Bagi Ibu Bekerja: Analisis Maqasid Al-Syari’ah Dan Hukum Positif Indonesia. Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 7(1), 435–448. https://doi.org/10.46773/6cq13516
RI, P. (1974). Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan. Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat RI.
Rokhamah, R., Yana, P. R., Hernadi, N. A., Rachmawati, F., Irwanto, I., Dey, N. P. H., Purwanti, E. W., Noviana, R., Bawono, Y., & Rianto, R. (2024). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif (Teori, Metode dan Praktik). https://repository.penerbitwidina.com/pt/publications/568101/metode-penelitian-kualitatif-teori-metode-dan-praktik
Romadi, N. (2025). Hak-Hak Anak Perspektif Hadits. Jurnal Pelita Studi Islam Dan Humaniora, 1(2), 15–27. https://jurnalpelitanegribelantaraya.com/ index.php/nipah/article/view/174
Sulistiani, S. L., & Sulistiani, S. L. (2020). Kedudukan Hukum Anak Luar Kawin Menurut Hukum Positif Dan Hukum Islam. ADHKI: Journal Of Islamic Family Law, 2(2), 2. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Siska-Lis-Sulistiani/ publication/355127728_kedudukan_hukum_anak_luar_kawin_menurut_hukum_ positif_dan_hukum_islam/links/615f1585c04f5909fd97b6a5/kedudukan-hukum-anak-luar-kawin-menurut-hukum-positif-dan-hukum-ISLAM.pdf?_sg%5B0%5D=started_experiment_milestone&origin= journalDetail
Yulianto, A. S. P., Mashuri, M., & Humiati. (2025). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Untuk Mendapatkan Pencatatan Kelahiran Yang Telah Melampaui Batas Waktu. Qaumiyyah: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara, 6(1), 67–90. https://doi.org/10.24239/qaumiyyah.v6i1.197
Zaini, M., & Wagianto, R. (2025). Pandangan Masyarakat Terhadap Status Anak diluar Nikah Di Desa Watupanjang Perspektif Hukum Islam. JURISY: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 5(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.37348/jurisy.v5i2.711
Zaki, M. (2014). Perlindungan Anak Dalam Perspektif Islam. ASAS, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.24042/asas.v6i2.1715
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Versi
- 2026-06-10 (2)
- 2026-06-10 (1)
